mdiver said:

Stoners - Drunks

drugs are drugs

abierman said:

Jeans on a golf course?????

Fuckin' outrageous.....that should not be allowed

mdiver said:

Wow what an ingnorant statement.

'stoners'
do you have a name for those who take ethanol, tobacco or prescription drugs?

There is no physical, mental and social damage whatsoever to point out unless we are talking alcohol and LEGAL drugs.

Mach said:

says who; the goverment?

Are plants drugs? I guess we should destroy them then?
[Edited 7/28/07 4:29am]

jimmypageisapedo said:

Oh dear!!!

http://www.educatingvoice...ijuana.asp

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the primary chemical compound (THC) in cannabis

Here is the chemical compositon




And other chemical names are

Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC, Δ9-THC, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), Δ¹-tetrahydrocannabinol (using an older numbering scheme), or dronabinol

So yes it is a chemical compound....maybe if you had studied harder and smoked less you would know that

Mach said:

I agree, that was the point of my statement

jimmypageisapedo said:

Ok mate....debating with you is obviously a non starter, anyone that says that there is no chemical compund in weed is probably wasted right now

jimmypageisapedo said:

Relax man - I think you are jumping on my comment without even knowing much about me - MEANING you know nothing about my reply TO midiver and the meaning behind it Where - midiver understands what I am saying and it really has nothing to do with the battle you are trying to fight here. YOU can make ASSumptions on what my words mean ...turn them into fule for your battle that's fine





.
[Edited 7/28/07 4:37am]

mdiver said:

here's another compound most of us consume:

Caffeine is a chemical compound found naturally in such foods as coffee beans, tea, cacao beans (chocolate), kola nuts, maté, and guarana. It is well known for its characteristic, intensely bitter taste, and as a stimulant of the central nervous system, heart, and respiration. It is also a diuretic. It is added to some soft drinks such as colas and Mountain Dew.

Chemical properties

The Caffeine molecule is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine family, which also includes the similar compounds theophylline and theobromine. In its pure state it is an intensely bitter white powder. Its chemical formula is C8H10N4O2, its systematic name is 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione, and its structure is shown to the right.
Physical properties

Pure caffeine occurs as odorless, white, fleecy masses, glistening needles or powder.

BOILING POINT:
178 °C (sublimes)
MELTING POINT: 238 °C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.2
VOLATILITY:
0.5%
VAPOR PRESSURE: 760 mm Hg @ 178 °C
pH: 6.9 (1% solution)
SOLUBILITY
IN WATER: 2.17%
VAPOR DENSITY: 6.7
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 194.19

Sources

One dose of caffeine is generally considered to be 100 mg, delivered by one 5 fl oz / 1.5 dl cup of drip coffee or one caffeine tablet. Real-world coffee varies considerably in caffeine content per cup, from about 75 - 250 mg. Tea and cola contain somewhat less caffeine per serving than coffee, while yerba mate contains significantly more.

The amount of caffeine in some common consumables is approximately as follows:

* Chocolate Milk - 3-6 mg per ounce (100 - 210 mg per kg)
* Chocolate, bittersweet - 25 mg per ounce (875 mg per kg)
* Cocoa - 0.5 mg per ounce (17 mg per litre)
* Coffee, brewed (drip) - 4-20 mg per ounce (130 - 680 mg per litre)
* Coffee, instant - 4-12 mg per ounce (130 - 400 mg per litre)
* Coffee, decaffeinated - 0.4-0.6 mg per ounce (13 - 20 mg per litre)
* Energy drink - 10 mg per ounce (340 mg per litre). Some countries cap the caffeine content at 135 mg per litre.
* Espresso - 100 mg per ounce (3400 mg per litre)
* Soft drink (caffeinated) - 3-8 mg per ounce (100 - 270 mg per litre)
* Caffeine pills - 200 mg (100 mg in many countries within EU)
* Black tea, brewed (USA) - 2.5-11 mg per ounce (85 - 370 mg per litre)
* Black tea, brewed (other) - 3-14 mg per ounce (100 - 470 mg per litre)
* Tea, instant - 3.5 mg per ounce (120 mg per litre)
* Tea, canned iced - 2-3 mg per ounce (70 - 100 mg per litre)
* Yerba maté, cured herb - 280-425 mg per ounce

In the European Union, a warning must be placed on packaging if the caffeine content of any beverage exceeds 150 mg per litre. This includes caffeine from any source (including guarana, which is often found in energy drinks). Caffeine is in many countries classified as a flavouring.

Mechanism of Action

The caffeine molecule is thought to act by blocking adenosine receptors on the surface of cells. This thereby blocks a pathway leading to breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The usual effect of adenosine in nerve cells is to inhibit nerve conduction by inhibiting post-synaptic potentials. The caffeine molecule, being structurally similar to adenosine, binds to the same receptors but does not stimulate them, thereby decreasing the adenosine action. The resulting increased nerve activity causes the release of the hormone epinephrine (adrenaline), which in turn leads to several effects such as higher heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased blood flow to muscles, decreased blood flow to the skin and inner organs, and release of glucose by the liver. It also increases the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, similar to amphetamines. Other purported mechanisms of action of the caffeine molecule include mobilisation of intracellular calcium and inhibition of specific phosphodiesterases, however these only occur at high non-physiological concentrations.

Metabolism and toxicology

Caffeine is quickly and completely removed from the brain and, unlike other CNS stimulants or alcohol, its effects are short lived. In addition, caffeine does not negatively affect concentration or higher mental functions, and hence caffeinated drinks are often consumed in the course of work.

Continued consumption of caffeine can lead to tolerance. Upon withdrawal, the body becomes oversensitive to adenosine, causing the blood pressure to drop dramatically, leading to headache and other symptoms. Recent studies suggest that caffeine intake (in coffee) may decrease the risk of developing Parkinson's disease, but additional study is needed.

Too much caffeine can lead to caffeine intoxication. The symptoms of this disorder are restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, and gastrointestial complaints. They can occur in some people after as little as 250 mg/d. More than 1 g/d may result in muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, cardiac arrhythmia, and psychomotor agitation. Caffeine intoxication can lead to symptoms similar to panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. The LD50 is estimated to be about 192 mg/kg of body mass, or about 72 cups of coffee for an average adult.
[Edited 7/28/07 4:39am]

shanti0608 said:

Let's come up with a sweeping cover name for all those that use to any degree

It's gone quiet...must be on a munchies run



















For the purposes of anyone without a sense of humour that was a joke

Mach said:

Yes... we need to think of something...

mdiver said:

THC isn't the only thing in marajuana. I SAID THE BUD. I didn't say anything about THC. Besides THC has no harmful effects whatsoever on the human body.
smoked less? what does that have to do with anything. I DO NOT SMOKE WEED. I have done in the past and i have researched an immense amount of information on the plant. It is the most beautiful and helpful plant known to the human race.
http://blogs.salon.com/00...legal.html

Mach said:

Yes they should also be jailed.

Your words were "is a bud from a plant a chemical compound..hell no"

The bud is made up of multiple chemical compunds the primary active one of which is THC

So in fact...you were wrong

Neurobiological Effects of Medicinal Marijuana
Alisa Alexander

After conducting extensive research on the different neurobiological effects of medicinal and recreational marijuana, my original question concerning the difference of its effects were still left unanswered. I realized that through discovering the components found in marijuana, logical conclusions could possibly be made answering my original question about the neurological effects of medicinal marijuana verses recreational marijuana. Almost all of the studies conducted about marijuana neglect to address the issue I chose to present in this paper. The sites found give extensive research of the plant, Cannibus Sativa, and active component of the plant, THC. Questions of THC and the effects of this component became the focus of my research which I concluded would lead to the answers I originally sought in my previous paper.

THC, delta-9 tetrahydrocannibinol, is the chemical in the marijuana plant that produces the various effects of the drug. THC is produced in the epidermal glands of the leaves, stems, and the bracts that support the flowers of the marijuana plant. (1) The strength of this element in the plant depends on the different conditions the plant is subjected under. Various climate changes change the degree of effectiveness of THC such as humidity, temperature and sunlight. THC has been proven to affect the transferring of pain in the brain and that it "interacts with the brain's endogenous opioid system, an important system for the medical treatment of pain. (2) THC is absorbed by receptors in the brain that interact with the element, causing the body and mind to react in various ways. There are two types of receptors in the brain that play a role in the effects of marijuana.
CB1, CB2 and anandamide, a substance naturally produced by the body that acts at the cannabinoid receptor and has effects similar to those of THC. The CB1 receptor is found primarily in the brain and mediates the psychological effects of THC. The CB2 receptor is associated with the immune system; its role remains unclear. (2)

THC and other cannabinoids found in marijuana have been found to affect the control of pain, movement and memory. Most of the experiments conducted concerning marijuana have been done on animals and through the research, scientists were able to discover that there is a dependency and withdrawal effect from the use of marijuana but not nearly as sever with other drugs.

The experiments conducted of the drug have been done to differentiate the effects of the two different types of THC and its affects on the brain. Delta-8 and Delta-9 are the two types of THC that produce the neurobiological and psychological effects of marijuana. (3) Delta-9 is much more abundant in marijuana than delta-8 which is why more studies have been conducted regarding the substance. It has also been concluded that since there is more of delta-9 THC, the effects of the drug is largely due to delta-9. When delta-9 THC is inhaled, it reacts with the receptor which then affects the neurons in the brain. The effects in the brain only take place after it binds with the receptors. Binding to a receptor triggers an event or a series of events in the cell that results in a change in the cell's activity, its gene regulation, or the signals that it sends to neighboring cells. (4) Another key tool involves identifying the receptor protein and determining how it works. Which this key information, scientists are able to locate where the components of marijuana effects the receptors in the brain. Signals are sent to the receptors to make them visible once binding has occurred. This is how scientists are able to see where the drug binds to the receptors, which will lead them to where the drug has its greatest effects in the brain. Because THC is mostly a fatty substance, it is easily absorbed by cell membranes therefore entering into the blood faster. (4) Through this process, tracing THC's activity becomes clearly visible.

When marijuana is taken at a specific dosages, in a monitored environment, subjects suffering form various illnesses have be noted to benefit from the drug. Most patients seek marijuana to elevate the pain. THC binding with particular receptors effects nerves that are affected due to certain illnesses. Recent research has made it clear that CB1 receptor agonists act on pathways that partially overlap with those activated by opioids but through pharmacologically distinct mechanisms. (5) Research on cannabinoid biology offers new insights into clinical use, especially given the scarcity of clinical studies that adequately evaluate the medical value of marijuana. For example, despite the scarcity of substantive clinical data, basic science has made it clear that cannabinoids can affect pain transmission and, specifically, that cannabinoids interact with the brain's endogenous opioid system, an important system for the medical treatment of pain. (2)

Institutions nationally have conducted studies on the use of medicinal marijuana on disease stricken patients. The Institute of Medicine published a journal on the use of marijuana and the effects it as a recreational drug and medicinal drug. Because the substance, when used medicinally, is monitored/controlled, the psychological effects on the patient is slightly different, and its effects also vary depending on the type of the disease the patient is suffering from. A complete report done by the National Academy of Sciences details the psychological effects of recreational and medicinal marijuana. In the 20th century, marijuana has been used more for its euphoric effects than as a medicine. Its psychological and behavioral effects have concerned public officials since the drug first appeared in the southwestern and southern states during the first two decades of the century. (6)

When marijuana is taken without regulation of the intake, the effects are quite similar. Those taking the drug, whether recreationally or medicinally experience similar effects. Marijuana has been linked to psychological dependence but not proven to be physically addictive.
"Many users describe two phases of marijuana intoxication: initial stimulation, giddiness and euphoria, followed by sedation and pleasant tranquility. Mood changes are often accompanied by altered perceptions of time and space and of one's bodily dimensions. The thinking process becomes disrupted by fragmented ideas and memories. Many users report increased appetite, heightened sensory awareness and pleasure. Negative effects can include confusion, acute panic reactions, anxiety attacks, fear, and a sense of helplessness and loss of self-control." (7)

Some researchers conclude that constant recreational use of marijuana in high doses can cause lung cancer, respiratory problems and brain impairment. Those advocating the use of medicinal marijuana argue that because it will be controlled by the doctor administering the drug, there isn't a chance of psychological addiction or any other problems believed to be connected with marijuana use.

The main difference between medicinal marijuana and recreational marijuana is the quality of the drug. (8) Purchasing recreational marijuana can subject the user to various side effects due to the purity of the product. Because marijuana is an illegal drug, products sold outside government regulation are subjected to various types of additives to just for profit. These additives can cause serious side-effect in the brain. Because much research on marijuana and the effects of THC on the brain have been conducted, medicinal marijuana is provided in a controlled environment and the product given is of the highest quality. The controlled environment includes careful monitoring of the substance.

Because patients are already suffering from illness such as those listed below, the neurobiological effects, through studies conducted of these patients, have only served to help them.
AIDS. Marijuana can reduce the nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite caused by the ailment itself and by various AIDS medications. (8)

Glaucoma. Marijuana can reduce intraocular pressure, thereby alleviating the pain and slowing -- and sometimes stopping -- the progress of the condition. (8)

Cancer. Marijuana can stimulate the appetite and alleviate nausea and vomiting, which are common side effects of chemotherapy treatment. (8)

Multiple Sclerosis. Marijuana can limit the muscle pain and spasticity caused by the disease, as well as relieving tremor and unsteadiness of gait. (8)


Epilepsy. Marijuana can prevent epileptic seizures in some patients. (8)

Chronic Pain. Marijuana can alleviate the chronic, often debilitating pain caused by myriad disorders and injuries. (8)

The positive affects of medicinal marijuana documented through the case studies done of patients who used the drug as treatment to help elevate the pain and other side effects due to their illness. THC fast absorption into the blood stream leads to the immediate relief sought by the sick. Research has only concluded that medicinal marijuana because of its pure content and type of subject receiving the drug creates the difference from recreational marijuana use. Only long-term research can show concrete long-term effects of marijuana use. The short-term usage of the drug is helping many cope with their illness, it is because of these effects doctors, patients, and medicinal marijuana supporters rally for legal use of the drug in America. Many who rally for legal use of the drug do so because the statistics fail to prove any long-term psychological effects even when used recreationally.

mdiver said:

Again i said a bud from a plant. I didn't say which plant. You are taking it out of context.
THC is in many plants by the way.

Are plants drugs? They have been keeping people healthy for thousands of years. If they are then drugs are good.

mdiver said:

Okay ... and now a report on alcohol

Mach said:

Exactly.....I tried to bring that up earlier but it seemed to get brushed off. I guess it is because it is legal..It is still VERY harmful.

jimmypageisapedo said:

Your context said that the bud you were talking of was from the cannabis plant, i replied..you were not talking about other plants.



You debate just like icke4presidant.....

mdiver said:

complete bullshit. This has proven to be nonsense. The rest for the most part is accurate

Large Study Finds No Link between Marijuana and Lung Cancer
By David Biello

The smoke from burning marijuana leaves contains several known carcinogens and the tar it creates contains 50 percent more of some of the chemicals linked to lung cancer than tobacco smoke. A marijuana cigarette also deposits four times as much of that tar as an equivalent tobacco one. Scientists were therefore surprised to learn that a study of more than 2,000 people found no increase in the risk of developing lung cancer for marijuana smokers.
"We expected that we would find that a history of heavy marijuana use--more than 500 to 1,000 uses--would increase the risk of cancer from several years to decades after exposure to marijuana," explains physician Donald Tashkin of the University of California, Los Angeles, and lead researcher on the project. But looking at residents of Los Angeles County, the scientists found that even those who smoked more than 20,000 joints in their life did not have an increased risk of lung cancer.

The researchers interviewed 611 lung cancer patients and 1,040 healthy controls as well as 601 patients with cancer in the head or neck region under the age of 60 to create the statistical analysis. They found that 80 percent of those with lung cancer and 70 percent of those with other cancers had smoked tobacco while only roughly half of both groups had smoked marijuana. The more tobacco a person smoked, the greater the risk of developing cancer, as other studies have shown.
But after controlling for tobacco, alcohol and other drug use as well as matching patients and controls by age, gender and neighborhood, marijuana did not seem to have an effect, despite its unhealthy aspects. "Marijuana is packed more loosely than tobacco, so there's less filtration through the rod of the cigarette, so more particles will be inhaled," Tashkin says. "And marijuana smokers typically smoke differently than tobacco smokers; they hold their breath about four times longer allowing more time for extra fine particles to deposit in the lungs."

The study does not reveal how marijuana avoids causing cancer. Tashkin speculates that perhaps the THC chemical in marijuana smoke prompts aging cells to die before becoming cancerous. Tashkin and his colleagues presented the findings yesterday at a meeting of the American Thoracic Society in San Diego.

mdiver said:

you debate like an ignorant 55 year old mp

jimmypageisapedo said:

So in essence whan research agrees with you it is fine but when it does not then it is bullshit?
Ok i see where we are going with this...same old same old.

Have fun bro

The title of this thread talks about a link, you say its bullshit i say not.
Fair enough, we can all research on the web and find loads of references where we will disagree.
So be it....

jimmypageisapedo said:

Hi icke....seen any ufo's this week?

2the9s said:

double

mdiver said:

why would you call me icke? Anyone who doesn't follow propaganda follows david icke?

ufos? I don't think terrestrial or extra-terrestrial flying onjects are really relevant to this

jimmypageisapedo said:

You really need to stop embarrassing yourself with comments like this. I suggest you do a little research.

shanti0608 said:

OH MY GAAAAAWWWWWDDDDD!!!!!

You just had to drag caffeine into this didnt you!

Here's a nugget for discussion as alot of people on the org enjoy smoking cigarettes, but I would imaging they are enlightened to the dangers of that activity.

Pot is a schedule 1 controlled substance in the United States. In law school I studied health issues in the law and one of the topics was cigarettes. We found that cigarettes meet more of the criteria for a schedule 1 controlled substance than pot does. The major difference? Tobacco was a major industry in the US with enough money to have the competetion made and kept illegal. Discuss.